2.a. Knowledge and understanding:

   By the end of the course, students should be able to:

2.a.1. Discuss the etiology, pathogenesis, clinical features, and complications, principles of prevention and management of common cardiac disorders and acute emergencies.

2.a.2 Define the scientific spectrum of clinical data.

2.a.3 Describe basic pathology of different cardiovascular disorders.

2.a.4 Identify the clinical spectrum of common cardiovascular multi-system association.

2.a.5 Identify scientific backgrounds of the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases.

2.a.6  Identify the basics and principles of echocardiography and cardiac catheterization.

2.a.7  Identify the pharmacologic bases for cardiac diseases treatment.

2.a.8  illustrate the concept of emergency management of acute cardiac disorders.

2.a.9  Describe the determinants of health and principles of disease prevention and behavior change appropriate for specific patient populations within the community, and apply these to patient care responsibilities and broader patient care initiatives (natural history of disease and relationships with risk factors and disease prevention).

2.a.10  Demonstrate an understanding of the power of the scientific method in establishing the causation of disease and efficacy of traditional and non-traditional therapies.

2.a.11 Mention up-dated knowledge regarding the clinical trials and scientific studies in the field of cardiology.