TOPIC

Total No of hours

Lecture

Practical

I-Microtechnique

1. Methods of preparation of microscopic sections
2. Steps of preparation and aim of each step
3. Advantage &disadvantage of each method
4. Principle of staining with H&E
5. Other staining methods

8

4

4

II-Microscopy

1-types of microscopes

2-préparation  of sections for Light microscope &Electron microscope

4

2

2

III- Cytology 

1-LM&EM picture ,function and  molecular biology of cytoplasmic organelles:

-membranous( cell membrane, rough endoplasmic reticulum, smooth endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi  apparatus, mitochondria, lysosomes, peroxisomes, proteosomes and annulate lamellae)

-non membranous organelles(ribosomes, microtubules ,centrioles, cilia , flagella  and  microfilaments)

2-inclusions  

3-nucleus: structure by LM&EM ,function 

4-DNA

5-types of RNA 

6-physiological cell death

28

14

14

IV-Cytogenetics

1-cell cycle and cell division (mitosis  meiosis)

2-Gametogenesis(oogenesis &spermatogenesis)

3-structure of  chromosomes

4-chromosomal study& karyotyping

5-chromosomal bands:  G banding, fluorescence in situ hybridization

6-Sex chromatin (Barr body )

7-chromosomal aberrations:

  a-numerical abnormalities:

i-aneuploidy (monosomy,trisomy)

ii-polyploidy (triploidy , tetraploidy, endoreduplication)

  b-structural   abnormalities:

1- translocation  2- deletion.

 3- inversion.       4- insertion.

5- isochromosome6- dicentric chromosome.

7- ring chromosome.   8- duplication. 

9- fragile x chromosome

10-clinical correlations

12

6

6

V-Epithelial tissue:

1-Properties of epithelium .

2-Types of epithelium:(covering -glandular -neuro epithelium & myoepithelium)

3-Examples and sites of each type.

4-Functional importance.

5-Modification of epithelial cell surfaces.

6--clinical correlations

8

4

4

VI- Connective tissue

1-general character of connective tissue proper.

2-constituents of CT (ground substance, fibers, cells).

3-structure , types and staining properties of CT fibers.

4-types of connective tissue proper and site of each:

1. loose (areolar) connective tissue .

2. white fibrous or tendinous connective tissue

3. yellow elastic connective tissue

4. adipose connective tissue

5. reticular connective tissue

6. mucoid (myxomatous) connective tissue

7--clinical correlations

8

4

4

VI- Cartilage :

1-histological features of cartilage cells, fibers & matrix.

2-Types of cartilage and their specific histological features.

a-hyaline cartilage.

b. yellow elastic cartilage.

c. white fibro-cartilage.

3--clinical correlations

4

2

2

VIII-Bone

1-General microscopic features of bone and how it can be studied histologically

2-Types (compact & spongy bone ): structure, sites,  and function.

3-Bone cells :structure (LM&EM) and functions .

4-Intercellular substance of bone .

5-The development and  ossification

6--clinical correlations

8

4

4

IX-Blood

1-red blood corpuscles (histological structure &function).

2- histological structure &function of granular leucocytes( neutrophil ,eosinophil , basophils).

3- histological structure &function of non-granular leucocytes (lymphocytes& monocytes).

4-differential leucocytic count

 5-blood platelets (histological structure &function).

6-haemopoiesis.

 7-myeloid tissue( inactive yellow bone marrow& active red bone marrow).

8--clinical correlations

8

4

4

 X-Muscle tissue

1-General character and types .

2-skeletal muscle:

-general features &types of skeletal muscle fibers .

-organization of  skeletal muscle.

-functional ultrastructure of myofibrils& sarcomere.

-molecular structure of actin and myosin

-muscle contraction

-innervation of  skeletal muscle

-cardiac muscle

-general structure and functional relations.

-Intercalated discs

-Conducting system of the heart    

-moderator band

3-smooth muscle :

general structure, muscle contraction& innervation.

4- Comparative study of three types of muscles.

5- Growth and regenerative ability of muscular tissue.

6--clinical correlations

8

4

4

      XI-Nervous tissue 

1-Structure of neuron (LM&EM) cell body, axon,dendrites

2- types of nerve cells

3-types and structure of nerve fibers

th   4-organization of nerve fibers

5-mylination of CNS&PNS

6-nerve ganglia (types &structure)

7-synapses( structure and types)

8-degeneration and regeneration of neurons

9-stain used  to study nervous tissue including those of degeneration

10-Neuroglia structure and their functions

11-Types and structure of nerve endings (receptors and effector )

12--clinical correlations

8

4

4

I-CARDIOVASCULAR  SYSTEM

1-general structure of the wall of blood vessels

 2-Arteries: Large  , Medium-Sized& small (histological structure &function )

3-Veins ;Large  , Medium-Sized& small(histological structure &function )

4-histological structure of specialized arteries &veins.

5-arteriovenous connections :

 a-Capillaries histological structure and function

   b- Sinusoids

  c-arteriovenous anastomosis

6-Heart; histological structure of epicardium ,myocardium ,endocardium and valves

7--clinical correlations

8      

4

4

II-THE IMMUNE SYSTEM AND LYMPHOID ORGANS

1-structure of lymph vessels

2-distribution and structure of lymphoid tissue .

3-lymphatic organs:

a- Lymph Nodes (histological structure &function)

  b-Spleen(  histological structure &function&       microcirculation)

  c-Tonsils(histological structure &function)

  d-Thymus(histological structure &function)

  e-Mucosal immune system (histological structure &function) 

4-Mononuclear phagocytes

5-Cells involved in the immune system

6- Antigen presenting cells

7--clinical correlations

8

4

4

Total

120

60

60